When traveling to another country, find out about laws that the country practices. Most countries don't offer anyway out of jail time.
Singapore is the most strict that I know of. One of the laws there is that it is illegal to spit on the sidewalk/in public.
No what to do in an emergency situation. If you are traveling with a tour group or on a cruise ship most likely you wont have to worry about ER's but it wouldnt hurt to carry a phone number for an US Embassy. There's a few things that should be added to shows.